Engineering is the discipline, art, and profession that applies scientific theory to design, develop, and analyze technological solutions. In the contemporary era, is generally considered to consist of the major basic branches of chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering and mechanical engineering.[1] There are numerous other engineering subdisciplines and interdisciplinary subjects that are derived from concentrations, combinations, or extensions of the major engineering branches.
Contents [hide]
1 Chemical engineering
2 Civil engineering
3 Electrical engineering
4 Mechanical engineering
5 Systems engineering
6 Interdisciplinary
7 See also
8 External links
9 References
Chemical engineering[edit]
Chemical engineering comprises the application of physical and biological sciences to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms.
Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties
Biomolecular engineering Focuses on the manufacturing of biomolecules.
Materials engineering Involves properties of matter (material) and its applications to engineering
Metallurgical engineering, studies metals and their applications
Ceramic engineering, the theory and processing of raw oxide material (e.g. alumina oxide), and advanced material that are polymorphic, polycrystalline, oxide, and non-oxide ceramics
Polymer engineering, studies polymer materials and their applications
Crystal engineering, the design and synthesis of molecular solid-state structures
Molecular engineering Focuses on the manufacturing of molecules.
Process engineering Focuses on the design, operation, control, and optimization of chemical processes
Petroleum refinery engineering, the design of processes related to the manufacture of refined products
Plastics engineering, the design of the production process of plastics products
Paper engineering, the design of the production process of paper products
Civil engineering[edit]
Civil engineering comprises the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and natural built environments.
Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties
Environmental engineering The application of engineering to the improvement and protection of the environment
Ecological engineering, the design, monitoring and construction of ecosystems
Fire protection engineering, the application of engineering to protect people and environments from fire and smoke
Sanitary engineering, the application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of human communities
Municipal or urban engineering, civil engineering applied to municipal issues such as water and waste management, transportation networks, subdivisions, communications, hydrology, hydraulics, etc.
Geotechnical engineering Concerned with the behavior of geological materials at the site of a civil engineering project
Mining engineering, the exploration, extraction and processing of raw materials from the Earth
Foundation (engineering), the engineering of below ground foundations that support superstructures
Structural engineering The engineering of structures that support or resist structural loads
Earthquake engineering, the behaviour of structures subject to seismic loading
Wind engineering, the analysis of wind and its effects on the built environment
Architectural engineering, application of engineering principles to building design and construction
Ocean engineering, the design of offshore structures
Transport engineering The use of engineering to ensure safe and efficient transportation of people and goods
Traffic engineering, a branch of transportation engineering focusing on the infrastructure necessary for transportation
Highway engineering a branch of engineering that deals with major roadways and transportation systems involving automobiles. Highway engineering usually involves the construction and design of highways
Railway systems engineering
Water resources engineering Prediction, planning, development and management of water resources
Hydraulic engineering, concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water; intimately related to the design of pipelines, water supply network, drainage facilities (including bridges, dams, levees, channels, culverts, storm sewers), and canals.
River engineering is the process of planned human intervention in the course, characteristics, or flow of a river with the intention of producing some defined benefit—to manage the water resources, to protect against flooding, or to make passage along or across rivers easier.
Coastal engineering, the study of the processes ongoing at the shoreline and construction within the coastal zone, often directed at combating erosion of coasts or providing navigational access.
Groundwater engineering involves the analysis, monitoring and often modelling of groundwater source to better understand how much remains and if the water can be used for e.g. recharging reservoirs and irrigation.
Electrical engineering[edit]
Electrical engineering comprises the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism.
Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties
Computer engineering The design and control of computing devices with the application of electrical systems.
Software engineering: the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering and computer science to software.
Hardware engineering: designing, developing, and testing various computer equipment. Can range from circuit boards and microprocessors to routers.
Network engineering: designing, deploying and maintaining computer networks, such as corporate networks or the Internet.
Electronic engineering The design of circuits that use the electromagnetic properties of electrical components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes and transistors to achieve a particular functionality.
Control engineering, focuses on the modeling of dynamic systems and the design of controllers using electrical circuits, digital signal processors and microcontrollers
Telecommunications engineering
Optical engineering The design of instruments and systems that utilize the properties of electromagnetic radiation.
Power engineering The generation, transmission and distribution of electricity, and the design of devices such as transformers, electric generators, electric motors, high-voltage engineering, and power electronics.
Mechanical engineering[edit]
Mechanical engineering comprises the design, analysis and usage of heat and mechanical power for the operation of machines and mechanical systems.
Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties
Acoustical engineering Concerns the manipulation and control of vibration, especially vibration isolation and the reduction of unwanted sounds
Manufacturing engineering Concerns dealing with different manufacturing practices and the research and development of systems, processes, machines, tools and equipment.
Thermal engineering Concerns heating or cooling of processes, equipment, or enclosed environments
Vehicle engineering The design, manufacture and operation of the systems and equipment that propel and control vehicles
Automotive engineering, the design, manufacture and operation of motorcycles, automobiles, buses and trucks
Naval architecture, the design, construction, operation and support of marine vehicles and structures
Aerospace engineering, the application of engineering principles to aerospace systems such as aircraft and spacecraft
Contents [hide]
1 Chemical engineering
2 Civil engineering
3 Electrical engineering
4 Mechanical engineering
5 Systems engineering
6 Interdisciplinary
7 See also
8 External links
9 References
Chemical engineering[edit]
Chemical engineering comprises the application of physical and biological sciences to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms.
Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties
Biomolecular engineering Focuses on the manufacturing of biomolecules.
Materials engineering Involves properties of matter (material) and its applications to engineering
Metallurgical engineering, studies metals and their applications
Ceramic engineering, the theory and processing of raw oxide material (e.g. alumina oxide), and advanced material that are polymorphic, polycrystalline, oxide, and non-oxide ceramics
Polymer engineering, studies polymer materials and their applications
Crystal engineering, the design and synthesis of molecular solid-state structures
Molecular engineering Focuses on the manufacturing of molecules.
Process engineering Focuses on the design, operation, control, and optimization of chemical processes
Petroleum refinery engineering, the design of processes related to the manufacture of refined products
Plastics engineering, the design of the production process of plastics products
Paper engineering, the design of the production process of paper products
Civil engineering[edit]
Civil engineering comprises the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and natural built environments.
Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties
Environmental engineering The application of engineering to the improvement and protection of the environment
Ecological engineering, the design, monitoring and construction of ecosystems
Fire protection engineering, the application of engineering to protect people and environments from fire and smoke
Sanitary engineering, the application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of human communities
Municipal or urban engineering, civil engineering applied to municipal issues such as water and waste management, transportation networks, subdivisions, communications, hydrology, hydraulics, etc.
Geotechnical engineering Concerned with the behavior of geological materials at the site of a civil engineering project
Mining engineering, the exploration, extraction and processing of raw materials from the Earth
Foundation (engineering), the engineering of below ground foundations that support superstructures
Structural engineering The engineering of structures that support or resist structural loads
Earthquake engineering, the behaviour of structures subject to seismic loading
Wind engineering, the analysis of wind and its effects on the built environment
Architectural engineering, application of engineering principles to building design and construction
Ocean engineering, the design of offshore structures
Transport engineering The use of engineering to ensure safe and efficient transportation of people and goods
Traffic engineering, a branch of transportation engineering focusing on the infrastructure necessary for transportation
Highway engineering a branch of engineering that deals with major roadways and transportation systems involving automobiles. Highway engineering usually involves the construction and design of highways
Railway systems engineering
Water resources engineering Prediction, planning, development and management of water resources
Hydraulic engineering, concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water; intimately related to the design of pipelines, water supply network, drainage facilities (including bridges, dams, levees, channels, culverts, storm sewers), and canals.
River engineering is the process of planned human intervention in the course, characteristics, or flow of a river with the intention of producing some defined benefit—to manage the water resources, to protect against flooding, or to make passage along or across rivers easier.
Coastal engineering, the study of the processes ongoing at the shoreline and construction within the coastal zone, often directed at combating erosion of coasts or providing navigational access.
Groundwater engineering involves the analysis, monitoring and often modelling of groundwater source to better understand how much remains and if the water can be used for e.g. recharging reservoirs and irrigation.
Electrical engineering[edit]
Electrical engineering comprises the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism.
Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties
Computer engineering The design and control of computing devices with the application of electrical systems.
Software engineering: the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering and computer science to software.
Hardware engineering: designing, developing, and testing various computer equipment. Can range from circuit boards and microprocessors to routers.
Network engineering: designing, deploying and maintaining computer networks, such as corporate networks or the Internet.
Electronic engineering The design of circuits that use the electromagnetic properties of electrical components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes and transistors to achieve a particular functionality.
Control engineering, focuses on the modeling of dynamic systems and the design of controllers using electrical circuits, digital signal processors and microcontrollers
Telecommunications engineering
Optical engineering The design of instruments and systems that utilize the properties of electromagnetic radiation.
Power engineering The generation, transmission and distribution of electricity, and the design of devices such as transformers, electric generators, electric motors, high-voltage engineering, and power electronics.
Mechanical engineering[edit]
Mechanical engineering comprises the design, analysis and usage of heat and mechanical power for the operation of machines and mechanical systems.
Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties
Acoustical engineering Concerns the manipulation and control of vibration, especially vibration isolation and the reduction of unwanted sounds
Manufacturing engineering Concerns dealing with different manufacturing practices and the research and development of systems, processes, machines, tools and equipment.
Thermal engineering Concerns heating or cooling of processes, equipment, or enclosed environments
Vehicle engineering The design, manufacture and operation of the systems and equipment that propel and control vehicles
Automotive engineering, the design, manufacture and operation of motorcycles, automobiles, buses and trucks
Naval architecture, the design, construction, operation and support of marine vehicles and structures
Aerospace engineering, the application of engineering principles to aerospace systems such as aircraft and spacecraft
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